THE ENHANCED BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON With an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic Based on the lexicon of William Gesenius, as translated by Edward Robinson, and edited with constant reference to the thesaurus of Gesenius as completed by E. Rödiger, and with authorized use of the German editions of Gesenius’ Handwöterbuch über das Alte Testament Francis Brown, D.D., D.Litt. Davenport Professor of Hebrew and the Cognate Languages in the Union Theological Seminary with the cooperation of S. R. Driver, D.D., Litt.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford and Charles A. Briggs, D.D., D.Litt. Edward Robinson Professor of Biblical Theology in the Union Theological Seminary ENHANCED BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON , with an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic, based on the lexicon of William Gesenius as translated by Edward Robinson, by Francis Brown, with the cooperation of S. R. Driver and Charles A. Briggs. Based on the 1906 edition originally published by Clarendon Press: Oxford. References to Strong’s Concordance , Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament , and Goodrich-Kohlenberger numbers have been added by Logos Research Systems, Inc. PUBLISHER’S PREFACE TO THE ENHANCED EDITION THE EDITION HERE PRESENTED of Francis Brown, R. Driver, and Charles Briggs’ Hebrew and English Lexicon is based on an Oxford edition as re-printed and corrected in 1951 by Francis Brown’s son. This Logos electronic edition qualifies as “enhanced” for the following reasons: First, to each appropriate headword we have added references to Strong’s Concordance , Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament , and/or GoodrichKohlenberger numbers. Each BDB entry can therefore be compared instantly with the equivalent entries in any Logos Library System book that supports these numbering schemes. Second, the “Addenda et Corrigenda” listed at the end of the 1951 edition have been integrated into the text. Some additional minor corrections have been undertaken, though only when the printed edition was obviously in error. Third, we have changed the layout of the book for maximum on-screen readability. We have set the book so that derivative forms are indented slightly so that the reader can clearly see which entries are roots and which are derivatives. Further, we have increased the line spacing throughout the book to ease the burden of distinguishing one line from another. Finally, this electronic edition of BDB has been fully integrated into the Logos Library System, and can work in concert with any number of other LLS titles. All the headwords in BDB are listed as both Hebrew and Hebrew-Lemma topics, so one can use BDB as a keylink destination for those languages. That means any book in your library can be set up to look up any Hebrew word or Hebrew lemma in BDB by double-clicking on that word. You can also set the keylink destination for Strong’s numbers to go to BDB, which will cause any Strong’s number keylink in your library to use BDB as its destination. This can be particularly useful with the “View Inline Strong’s/TVM” feature in some English Bibles, notably the King James Version. See “ Keylinks ” in the User’s Guide for more information on setting keylink destinations. OAK HARBOR, WASHINGTON DECEMBER , 2000 PREFACE TO THE OXFORD EDITION THE NEED OF A NEW HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON of the Old Testament has been so long felt that no elaborate explanation of the appearance of the present work seems called for. Wilhelm Gesenius, the father of modern Hebrew Lexicography, died in 1842. His Lexicon Manuale Hebraicum et Chaldaicum in V.T. Libros , representing a much riper stage of his lexicographical work than his earlier Hebrew dictionaries, was published in 1833, and the corresponding issue of his Hebräisches und Chaldäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament , upon which the later German editions more or less directly depend, appeared in 1834. The Thesaurus philologicus Criticus Linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti , begun by Gesenius some years earlier, and not completed at his death, was substantially finished by Roediger in 1853, although the concluding part, containing Indices, Additions, and Corrections, was not published until 1858. The results of Gesenius’s most advanced work were promptly put before English-speaking students. In 1824 appeared Gibbs’s translation of the Neues Hebräisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch , issued by Gesenius in 1815, and in